The popular former defender was technical director for Adanspor in Turkey and fell ill on Friday.
Adanspor announced: "Our technical director Souleymane Bamba, who fell ill before the match against Manisa Football Club yesterday, was taken to Manisa Celal Bayar University Hospital and unfortunately lost his battle for life there. Our condolences to his family and our community."
Bamba overcame non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 2021 while playing for Cardiff City.
Cardiff also stated: "It is with the deepest sadness that we have learnt this evening about the passing of Club legend, Sol Bamba.
"As a player and coach, Sol's impact on our football club was immeasurable. He was a hero to all of us, a leader in every dressing room and a true gentleman.
"Our thoughts are with his friends, family and everyone lucky enough to know and love Sol."