Doak has featured just five times for Liverpool's senior side this season; once in the Premier League, three times in the Europa League and once in the EFL Cup.
He has also never played for Scotland's first team, instead limited to the under-21s where he has featured seven times and scored twice.
The 18-year-old joins up with the senior squad as a highly rated prospect who caught the eye of Jurgen Klopp and Liverpool early - joining from Celtic in 2022 aged just 16.
Alongside him are Scotland mainstays McTominay, Robertson and McGinn as well as the likes of Ryan Christie from Bournemouth and Celtic's James Forrest.
Other notable call-ups include Arsenal's Kieran Tierney (on loan at Real Sociedad), Southampton duo Stuart Armstrong and Che Adams, Celtic captain Callum McGregor and the in-form Hearts striker Lawrence Shankland.
Two players from the 28 will be cut before Euro 2024 begins but Doak will have the chance to impress in two pre-tournament friendlies against Gibraltar and Finland.
Scotland get their European Championship campaign underway against hosts Germany on Friday, June 14th.
Scotland's provisional Euro 2024 squad:
Goalkeepers: Angus Gunn (Norwich City), Zander Clark (Hearts), Craig Gordon (Hearts), Liam Kelly (Motherwell)
Defenders: Andy Robertson (Liverpool), Kieran Tierney (Real Sociedad/ESP), Jack Hendry (Al Ettifaq/KSA), Ryan Porteous (Watford), Liam Cooper (Leeds United), Scott McKenna (FC Copenhagen/DEN), Grant Hanley (Norwich City), Greg Taylor (Celtic), John Souttar (Rangers), Anthony Ralston (Celtic), Ross McCrorie (Bristol City)
Midfielders: Callum McGregor (Celtic), Ryan Christie (Bournemouth), Billy Gilmour (Brighton), John McGinn (Aston Villa), Kenny McLean (Norwich City), Scott McTominay (Manchester United), Stuart Armstrong (Southampton), Ryan Jack (Rangers)
Forwards: Lyndon Dykes (Queen's Park Rangers), Che Adams (Southampton), Lawrence Shankland (Hearts), Ben Doak (Liverpool), James Forrest (Celtic)